At Advanced Medical Podiatry, we often encounter patients dealing with corns and calluses—common foot problems that, while generally not serious, can cause significant discomfort and pain. Understanding these conditions, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help you manage them effectively and maintain optimal foot health.
What are Corns and Calluses?
Corns: Corns are smaller than calluses and have a hard centre surrounded by inflamed skin. They usually develop on the tops and sides of toes or on other areas that don’t bear weight but get pressure from other toes or shoes. Corns are painful when pressed on.
Calluses: Calluses are larger, less defined areas of thickened skin. They typically form on the soles of the feet, especially under the heels or balls, and can also appear on the hands. Calluses are usually not painful.
Causes of Corns and Calluses
The primary cause of corns and calluses is repeated friction and pressure on the skin. Several factors can contribute to their development:
Ill-Fitting Shoes: Shoes that are too tight or have high heels can compress areas of the foot, causing abnormal pressure. Conversely, shoes that are too loose can lead to excessive rubbing.
Walking Barefoot: Frequently walking or running barefoot can cause the skin to thicken as a protective measure against abrasion.
Foot Deformities: Conditions like bunions, hammer toes or other structural abnormalities can lead to abnormal pressure distribution on the feet.
Manual Labour: Activities that involve repeated pressure or friction, such as gardening, playing an instrument or working with tools, can lead to the formation of calluses on the hands or feet.
Symptoms of Corns and Calluses
Corns and calluses present several noticeable symptoms:
Hard, Thickened Skin: This is the most obvious sign. Corns and calluses appear as thick, rough areas of skin.
Raised Bump: Corns often present as a small, raised bump, usually surrounded by inflamed skin.
Tenderness or Pain: Corns can be painful when pressed. Calluses are generally not painful but can cause discomfort if they become very thick.
Dry or Waxy Appearance: The thickened skin of calluses often appears dry or waxy.
Prevention of Corns and Calluses
Preventing corns and calluses involves minimizing the friction and pressure that cause them:
Proper Footwear: Wear shoes that fit well and provide adequate support. Avoid high heels or shoes that pinch your toes.
Protective Padding: Use padding or insoles to cushion areas prone to friction, especially if you have foot deformities.
Moisturize: Keep your feet moisturized to prevent dry skin, which can contribute to callus formation.
Regular Foot Care: Inspect your feet regularly and use a pumice stone or foot file to gently remove thickened skin.
Treatment Options for Corns and Calluses
While prevention is key, several treatment options can help if you already have corns or calluses:
Home Remedies:
Soaking and Exfoliation: Soak your feet in warm, soapy water to soften the skin, then gently rub the thickened skin with a pumice stone.
Moisturizing Creams: Apply a moisturizer to keep the skin soft.
Over-the-Counter Pads: Non-medicated corn pads can help cushion the area and reduce pressure.
Medical Treatment:
Trimming: A podiatrist can carefully trim away the thickened skin using a scalpel. This should not be attempted at home as it can lead to infection.
Medicated Products: Products containing salicylic acid can help dissolve the thickened skin. These should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Custom Orthotics: For those with foot deformities or biomechanical issues, custom orthotics can redistribute pressure and prevent the recurrence of corns and calluses.
When to See a Podiatrist
If your corns or calluses become painful, inflamed or do not improve with home treatment, it’s essential to consult a podiatrist. This is especially important for individuals with diabetes or poor circulation, as they are at a higher risk for complications.
At Advanced Medical Podiatry, we offer comprehensive care for all foot and ankle conditions, including corns and calluses. Our team of podiatrists will assess your condition and develop a personalized treatment plan to alleviate your discomfort and prevent recurrence.
Corns and calluses, though common, should not be ignored as they can lead to significant discomfort and affect your quality of life. By understanding their causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you can take proactive steps to manage these conditions. For expert care and personalized treatment, visit Advanced Medical Podiatry—your trusted partner in foot health.
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